Contents

• List of Figures
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Steganographic Security
  • 2.1 A Framework for Secure Communication
  • 2.2 Information Theory: ``A Probability Says it All.''
  • 2.3 Ontology: ``We need Models!''
  • 2.4 AI: ``What if there are no Models?''
  
  
• 3. Lexical Language Processing
  • 3.1 Ambiguity of Words
  • 3.2 Ambiguity of Context
  • 3.3 A Common Approach to Disambiguation
  • 3.4 The State of the Art in Disambiguation
  • 3.5 Semantic Relations in the Lexicon
  • 3.6 Semantic Distance in the Lexicon
  
  
• 4. Approaches to Linguistic Steganography
  • 4.1 Words and Symbolic Equivalence: Lexical Steganography
  • 4.2 Sentences and Syntactic Equivalence: Context-Free Mimicry
  • 4.3 Meanings and Semantic Equivalence: The Ontological Approach
  
  
• 5. Systems For Natural Language Steganography
  • 5.1 Winstein
  • 5.2 Chapman
  • 5.3 Wayner
  • 5.4 Atallah, Raskin et al.
  
  
• 6. Lessons Learned
  • 6.1 Objectives for Natural Language Stegosystems
  • 6.2 Comparison and Evaluation of Current Systems
  • 6.3 Possible Improvements and Future Directions
  
  
• 7. Towards Secure and Robust Mixed-Radix Replacement-Coding
  • 7.1 Blocking Choice-Configurations
  • 7.2 Some Elements of a Coding Scheme
  • 7.3 An Exemplaric Coding Scheme
  
  
• 8. Towards Coding in Lexical Ambiguity
  • 8.1 Two Instances of Ambiguity
  • 8.2 Two Types of Replacements and Three Types of Words
  • 8.3 Variants of Replacement-Coding
  
  
• 9. Conclusions
• 10. Evaluation & Future Directions
• Bibliography