This war was not worth a child's finger
The Guardian, Friday April 11, 2003
Victory
in just three weeks, relatively few western casualties and now, at last, even
dancing on the streets.
So, asks Julian Barnes, did those
of us who opposed the Iraq conflict get it wrong?
So, peacenik, you lost. We told you so. Sure, it wasn't
exactly the pushover we'd war-gamed. The Iraqis didn't rise in rebellion as we
promised, the flower-throwing was a little tardy, but that was just because
we'd underestimated how terrorised they were. Still, a three-week campaign with
a couple of hundred coalition dead; the end approaches, and the Iraqis are
dancing on fallen statues. Soon your fellow peaceniks can start trucking in the
relief and nation-building can begin. May I hear a squeak of rejoicing?
So,
warnik, you think you've won? Please consider this. On Monday afternoon your
guys thought they had found Saddam in a restaurant. A US plane dropped four
very clever 2,000lb bombs on it. The next night, BBC News showed an enormous
crater and its correspondent said that no one who might have been there could
have got out alive. According to Peter Arnett, the sacked NBC correspondent,
the targeted restaurant was still intact, but three neighbouring houses were
reduced to rubble instead. According to most people, Saddam escaped. When asked
about this, Torie Clarke, the US defence spokeswoman, said crisply: "I
don't think that matters very much. I'm not losing sleep trying to figure out
if he was in there."
I
don't know how much of the above paragraph - apart from Clarke's words, which I
saw coming out of her mouth - is true. It probably approximates to some sort of
truth, and it's possible that years down the line an accurate version might
emerge: how good was the tip-off, how accurate was the bombing, how many were
killed, and how many of those were civilians? But I know this: if I were
Clarke, I would think I ought to lose a little sleep. If I were Clarke, I might
wonder about my American home town, and how secure it might be from terrorist
attack. Because if her words, in their brutal flippancy, seemed shocking to me,
then imagine their effect on someone whose father, brother, sister, friend,
acquaintance was killed in that raid. Would they say, "It was a sacrifice
we are happy to accept, because after all, you were trying to kill Saddam
Hussein"? No, I doubt they would react like that.
As
the war began, like others I tried to imagine what the best result might be. A
quick war with single-figure casualties and Saddam ousted painlessly? But that
might mean Rumsfeld and co merely forcing their troops to Damascus and Tehran,
centres of acknowledged recalcitrance and listed evil. A slow, horrible war
with so many Anglo-American dead that leaders in both countries would realise
that go-it-alone invasions, which look to neutrals like neo-imperialism, were
simply not practicable. But that would mean wishing for the extinction of
hundreds, maybe thousands of troops, and even more civilians. An unanswerable
either-or. So, something in-between? Well, something in-between is what we're
getting. Enough for some to call it a stunning professional victory, others a
vile and unnecessary bloodbath.
But
there's another tacit calculation going on. The war depends on domestic public
support. Public support depends in part on disguising the reality of war (hence
the hypocritical hoo-ha about the "parading" of prisoners) and on
calculating the acceptability of death. So what would be the best way of
scoring the game? Someone, somewhere, some Machiavellian focus-grouper or
damage statistician, is probably doing just this. Let's start with the basic
unit: one dead Iraqi soldier, score one point. Two for a dead Republican Guard,
three for Special Republican Guard or fedayeen. And so on up to the top of the regime:
5,000, let's say, for Chemical Ali; 7,500 for each of Saddam's sons; 10,000 for
the tyrant himself.
Now
for the potentially demoralising downside. One Iraqi civilian killed: if male,
lose five points, female 10, a child 20. One coalition soldier killed: deduct
50 points. And then, worst of all (as it underlines the futility and hazard of
war), one coalition soldier killed by friendly fire: deduct 100 points. On the
other hand, gain 1,000 for each incident which a couple of years down the line
can give rise to a feel-good Hollywood movie: witness "Saving Private
Lynch".
By
this count, the war is a success. And television has more or less reflected the
weighting of the above scoresheet: film a swaddled, bleeding, terrified child
in hospital and airtime is guaranteed. With what blithe unconcern, too, it has
disregarded the one-pointers. How have the Iraqi military been presented? a) as
massively outgunned; b) as foolishly sallying forth in columns and making
themselves easy meat for aerial attack (though the words "turkey
shoot" have doubtless been sensitively banned); c) as experimental
subjects for live testing of daisycutter bombs; d) as "fanatically
loyal", ie still fighting when massively outgunned; e) as running away in
their underpants.
The
return of British bodies has been given full-scale TV coverage: the
Union-Jacked coffin, the saluting Prince Andrew, the waggling kilts of soldiers
escorting the hearse of their fallen comrades. Then each dead soldier's face
comes up on screen, sometimes in a blurry home colour print, with listing of
wife, fiancee, children: it thuds on the emotions. But Iraqi soldiers? They're
just dead. The Guardian told us in useful detail how the British Army breaks
bad news to families. What happens in Iraq? Who tells whom? Does news even get
through? Do you just wait for your 18-year-old conscript son to come home or
not to come home? Do you get the few bits that remain after he has been
pulverised by our bold new armaments? There aren't many equivalences around in
this war, but you can be sure that the equivalence of grief exists. Here come
the widow-makers, goes the cry as our tanks advance. Here too come the
unwitting recruiters for al-Qaida.
For
all the coverage, I don't know what I've seen. Embedding journalists has certainly
worked from the military point of view. This is not to disparage them, and they
have taken proportionally much greater casualties than the military. But they
can at best provide footage, which is not the same as telling us what is
actually happening; for that they, and we, depend on official spokesmen. And
journalists have to be approved. French television ran a documentary about
journalists who had been refused approval, and thus access. British television
lets us assume we are getting as much, and as pure, information as it is
possible to give in the circumstances.
But
in wartime we are even less able, and willing, than usual to see ourselves as
others see us. For us, the war consists of coalition troops, Saddam, Iraqi
troops, and Iraqi civilians; with bit-parts for the Kurds and Turkey. In the
first days of the war I saw a report on French television news which told me -
I think - that the US had closed down its embassy and cultural centre in
Pakistan; I say "I think" because I never saw it confirmed here.
Reaction from the wider Arab world has been sketchily covered, as if to say:
let's pretend this is a localised struggle with no wider repercussions, and
then it might be. A friend of mine, who works in television, quickly realised
he wasn't getting the full picture and signed his household up for six months
of al-Jazeera. Only when his wife asked where he'd been learning Arabic did he
realise the flaw in his thinking. But his instinct was absolutely right.
As
Baghdad falls to conventional warfare, I keep remembering that mantra in Jack
Straw's mouth: "nuclear, chemical and biological." He repeated it
again and again while trying to round up support. Then the "nuclear"
had to go, after the UN inspection report. So it was down to the other two
villains. Like some, I believed (no, "very much wanted to believe" is
as close as you get in this world of claim and counterclaim) Scott Ritter's
judgment that if the Iraqis still had some bad stuff, it was past its use-by
date and turning into hair-gel. Even so, it seemed a grotesque gamble on Bush
and Blair's part to seek to prove that Iraq had chemical and biological weapons
by provoking Saddam to use them against coalition troops. Now we're told that
the wily bastard has moved them to Syria. (Hey, let's invade Syria! Then he
might move them to Iran. We could look there afterwards!)
The
peacenik question before the war went like this: suppose Saddam destroys all
his weapons tomorrow, do we still invade on humanitarian grounds? I can't
imagine there would have been too many cries of, Yes please. But that, in
retrospect, may be what we've done, or shall endeavour to claim we have done
and therefore had been intending. Does it look like a humanitarian war to you?
Are "shock and awe" compatible with "hearts and minds"?
Early on, a US infantryman was seen grimly returning fire over a sand dune,
then turning to camera and complaining: "They don't seem to realise we're
here to help them." How odd that they didn't.
In
the past three weeks, I've had emails from friends in different parts of the
world. Almost without fail, they have expressed incredulity at our prime
minister's position. "We can understand Bush, we see exactly where he's
coming from, we aren't surprised by his gross limitations and gross ambitions. But
what is your Blair up to? He seems a civilised, intelligent man. What does he
think he's doing? And what on earth does he think he's getting out of it?"
Oil? Reconstruction contracts? Hardly. As for what he thinks he's doing: it
seems, I explain, to be a mixture of deluded idealism (finding a moral case for
war where neither the Anglican bishops nor the Pope - moral experts he might
acknowledge - can see one) and deluded pragmatism: he really does believe the
military conquest of Iraq will reduce the likelihood of terrorism.
This
is Blair's War; and as he reminded us, history will be his judge. But since
we'll all be dead by the time history comes along, three key Blair moments
should be pondered. The first came long before the war was mooted. The prime
minister was asked in the House of Commons about Iraq and replied with a
satisfied gleam: "Saddam is in his cage." At the time I merely noted
the crudeness of the diction, which is why the phrase has stuck. What few of us
realised at the time was that the self-appointed zookeepers were abrogating to
themselves the right to shoot the beast.
Then
the question of the second UN resolution. Do you remember being told that we
wouldn't go to war without a second resolution? How quickly came the slippage.
On the February 15 anti-war march, one of the talking-points was how Blair
seemed to have shafted himself: if he didn't get a second resolution, he would
have to choose between going back on his promise to the British people or going
back on his friendship with Bush. Soon, we knew his choice, which led to a
third key moment. When accused once too often of being Bush's poodle, Blair
responded that, on the contrary, if Bush had proved timorous over Iraq, he,
Blair, would have been pressing him harder to take action. Not a typical
example of our "restraining influence".
Well,
peacenik, are you happy now that peace is coming? No, because I don't think
this war, as conceived and justified, was worth a child's finger. At least, are
you happy that Saddam's rule is effectively over? Yes, of course, like everyone
else. So, do you see some incompatibility here? Yes, but less than the
incompatibilities in your position.
And
in return, warnik, I have two questions for you. Do you honestly believe that
the staggering bombardment of Iraq, televised live throughout the Arab world,
has made Britain, America, and the home town of Torie Clarke, safer from the
threat of terrorism? And if so, let me remind you of another statement by your
war leader, Mr Blair. He told us, in full seriousness, that once Saddam was
eliminated, it would be necessary to "deal with" North Korea. Are you
getting hot for the next one - the humanitarian attack on Pyongyang?
ŠJulian Barnes 2003